Statement of the Problem This study aims to answer the following questions: a. What is the effect of the work of the working students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan to their studies? b. What are the reasons why a student of College of Business Administration in the University of the East– Caloocan needs to work while he or she studies? c. How do they manage their time between studies and work? d. What are the kinds of work that a working student in the College of Business Administration have? . What are the problems of a working student in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan encountered while he or she studies? Scope and Delimitation This study focused only to all level of students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East that are already working. This study focused only on the work and study habits of the students, on how they manage their time and the effects of their work to their studies. The personal life of the students do not belong to this study.
This study emphasized the solution to the problems of the working students in the University of the East – Caloocan. Significance of the Study This study is important to the following: Students To know how the working student manage or balance their time between studies and work Professors To put railings on their student, to help and give considerations to the working students Administrators To grant an additional program for all working students in the University of the East – Caloocan Parents To support their children, not only in financial support but also in moral support Definition of Terms
Budget- list of expenses Night Classes – class hours during night time Night Differential Pay – additional income for those who work at night Night Shift – working hours during night time Scholar – students who can study for free because of their high grades Scholarship – free education for those students who got the required grades Shifter – a person who can cope with the change of working hours, either night or day time Students Assistant – students working in school for free education Time Management – right scheduling of time for different activities Working Students – students who are working while studying
CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature Foreign LEARNING AND EARNING: WORKING IN COLLEGE Jonathan M. Orszag, Peter R. Orszag, and Diane M. Whitmore Commissioned by Upromise, Inc. , August 2001 and reproduced with permission of Upromise Students are increasingly likely to work while in college. Since 1984, the fraction of college students aged 16 to 24 who also work full- or part-time has increased from 49 to 57 percent. Not only are students more likely to work today, but they are more likely to work full-time: the share of students working full-time while going to school full-time has nearly doubled, rising from 5. percent in 1985 to 10. 4 percent in 2000. In 2000, 828,000 full-time students worked full-time, compared to 366,000 in 1985. Working students can be categorized into two groups: those who primarily identify themselves as students but who work in order to pay the bills, and those who are first and foremost workers who also take some college classes. Almost two-thirds of undergraduates who work consider themselves “students who work”; the other third consider themselves “workers who study. In the 1995-96 school year, employed students worked an average of 25 hours per week. Students at four-year colleges are more likely to work a smaller number of hours per week. On average, working college students earn roughly $7. 50 per hour. The empirical evidence suggests that the effects of working while in college varies by the type of job held (e. g. , full-time vs. part-time work) and its relation to the academic environment (e. g. , an on-campus vs. an off-campus job).
Part-time student employment may have beneficial effects: for example, an on-campus research position may spark a student’s interest in further academic programs or provide important work experience that will improve future labor market prospects. Working part-time as a student generally appears to supplant only non-productive activities, such as watching television. In addition, students who work fewer than 10 hours per week have slightly higher GPAs than other similar students. However, full-time employment may impair student performance.
For example, 55 percent of those students working 35 or more hours per week report that work has a negative effect on their studies. Students working full-time also reported the following liabilities: 40 percent report that work limits their class schedule; 36 percent report it reduces their class choices; 30 percent report it limits the number of classes they take; and 26 percent report it limits access to the library. Students who work full-time are also more likely to drop out of school.
For example, the available evidence is consistent with a roughly 10 percentage point differential in graduation rates between full-time and part-time workers. In 2000, nearly 830,000 full-time college students worked full-time. Because of the adverse effects of such full-time work, tens of thousands of these college students are likely to drop out of school and fail to receive a college degree. Working a limited number of hours (e. g. , 10 hours a week) at an on-campus job appears to have positive impacts on student performance, while working a significant number of hours (e. g. , 35 hours or more per week) has adverse consequences.
It is unclear at what point student employment moves from being beneficial to being counterproductive. But the difference between graduating from college and not graduating from college may involve a change in work schedules that would have a modest impact on student earnings relative to the lifetime gains from completing college. For example, reducing hours worked by 10 hours (from 35 hours per week to 25 hours per week) would reduce a student’s annual earnings during the school year by roughly $2,250. Such potential earnings pale in comparison to the lifetime gains from completing college.
Since full-time work appears to have negative effects on student enrollment rates and perhaps also on academic performance, it is therefore of particular concern that full-time work among full-time college students has risen sharply over the past 15 years. For these students, the research suggests that, if possible, it may be prudent to find other ways of financing college so they can complete their degrees, maintain their academic performance levels, and thereby reap the long-term benefits of a college education. LEARNING AND EARNING: WORKING IN COLLEGE Jonathan M. Orszag, Peter R. Orszag, and Diane M.
Whitmore1 August 2001 The financial burden of college tuition is significant and rising. In light of the increasing price of college, many families are facing significant challenges in financing their children’s education. 2 The evidence shows that as one response to the financial burden of college tuition, students are working more while in college. Over 60 percent of college students report that their parents now expect them to work during the school year to help cover expenses. 3 More students are working, and more are working longer hours. Today, more than half of college students have a job.
In 1999, on average, working students earned roughly $7. 50 per hour. These earnings undoubtedly help to alleviate some of families’ financial struggle to pay for college in the short run. But the extent of working while in college raises important questions. In particular, what is the overall effect of work? Does it have a beneficial effect in the long run by building discipline and a strong work ethic in students, or does it have a deleterious effect by diverting students’ efforts from schoolwork? The evidence suggests that the answers depend on how much a student works and what type of job she has.
Characteristics of Student Employment An increasing number of students work while in college. Since 1984, the fraction of college students aged 16 to 24 who also work full- or part-time has increased from 49 to 57 percent. 4 The share of full-time college students working has also increased; in October 2000, a majority of full-time college students was employed. Figure 1 displays the increase in employment rate among college students. Not only are students more likely to work today, but the share of students working full-time while going to school full-time also has increased dramatically.
The percentage of full-time college students working full-time has nearly doubled, rising from 5. 6 percent in 1985 to 10. 4 percent in 2000 (see Table 1). 5 The data indicate that the increase in the employment rate is largely due to increases in work among full-time college students; the share of part-time college students working has remained relatively constant over the past 15 years. The Department of Education undertook a special survey during the 1995-96 school year to provide an in-depth picture of how undergraduates finance college through work. Working students can be categorized into two groups: those who primarily identify themselves as students but who work in order to pay the bills, and those who are first and foremost workers who also take some college classes. According to the survey, almost two-thirds of undergraduates who work considered themselves “students who work,” while about a third considered themselves “workers who study. “7 The average number of hours worked by students during the school year varies by the type of institution and by whether the student is part-time or full-time.
As Table 2 shows, in the 1995-96 school year, employed students worked an average of 25 hours per week. About one-quarter of students work 35 or more hours per week, and another quarter of students work 15 hours or less. Students at four-year colleges are more likely to work a smaller number of hours per week; over one-third of such students work fewer than 15 hours. On average, working college students earn roughly $7. 50 per hour. 8 Although hourly earnings vary somewhat for college students, three-quarters earned less than $8. 00 per hour in 1999.
More than one-third of students earn within $1. 00 of the minimum wage. Table 3 also shows that part-time college students earn more per hour (on average) than full-time college students. The majority of students who work also receive financial aid to attend college. As Table 4 shows, 56 percent of workers receive some other type of aid in the form of grants or loans. Nearly 70 percent of students who work 15 hours or fewer also receive another form of financial aid. Students who work more hours per week are less likely to be recipients of financial aid. Local
Congress broadens job opportunities for students (The Philippine Star) Updated October 09, 2000 12:00 AM| The House of Representatives passed on second reading a measure that will give wider employment opportunities to the country’s working students, Speaker Manny Villar said yesterday. The Special Program for Employment of Students, authored by Bohol Rep. Ernesto Herrera, aims to broaden the present SPES to benefit more students. Villar says that the bill lessens the employment size of participating establishments from those employing at least 50 persons to those employing more than 10 persons.
It likewise seeks to adjust the income requirement for coverage under the law based on the annual national poverty threshold line for a family of six as may be determined by the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB). “The objective is to help more students by ensuring part-time employment so they can fund their studies,” said Villar, a former fish vendor who put himself through school. The Speaker points out that the SPES, which is on its seventh year of implementation, has helped numerous students finish their studies. We hope to improve on the program to make it more efficient, effective and responsive to the present economic conditions,” he said. The bill also seeks to provide students employed in activities related to their courses with equivalent academic credits as may be determined by appropriate government agencies. Villar points out that once passed into law, the proposal will benefit poor Filipino students who will be given the chance to financially put themselves through school. “This system will certainly inculcate the values of sipag at tiyaga (perseverance and hard work) among our young people,” stressed Villar.
Helping provide education to young Filipinos, says Villar, will likewise give them the opportunity to improve their quality of life. CHAPTER III Methodology Research Setting and the Respondents The chosen respondents in this study are the students of the College of Business Administration from 1st year up to 4th year of the current semester 2010-2011 in the University of the East – Caloocan. The respondents are divided into four(4) groups, six(6) from 1st year, nineteen(19) from the second year, twenty(20) in third year and fifteen(15) from the fourth year. The researcher also uses random sampling for two roups to have an equal presentation. Methods of Research This research was done through the use of the survey. The researchers have made survey questionnaire to have an idea about the opinions of the students of the College of Business Administration about working while studying. For the knowledge of the researchers to be enriched, the researchers conducted interviews with the experts about the said topic. For the betterment of this study, the researchers made sure that they will collect information and data in different basis like books, journals, newspapers, etc. Design of the Research
This study was done based on the descriptive method. The main reason for conducting this research is to describe and analyze the topic knowledge and the perception of working students in the College of Business Administration about their working situation. Data Gathering Procedure This research is only the initial study and not needed in having a degree. The researchers did not use complicated statistics in analyzing data, only the tallying method and taking of percentage that are needed in this research. Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
Gender| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Male| 26| 43%| Female| 34| 57%| Total| 60| 100%| Out of sixty(60) respondents, thirty four(34) number of respondents or equal to fifty seven percent(57%) are female, twenty six(26) or equal to forty three percent (43%) are male. Therefore, it shows that there are more female working student in College of Business Administration in University of the East. Year Level Year Level| Number of Respondents| Percentage| 1st year| 1| 2%| 2nd year| 23| 38%| 3rd year| 21| 35%| 4th year| 15| 25%| Total| 60| 100%|
Out of sixty(60) respondents, one(1) working student or equal to two percent are in the first year. Twenty three respondents(23) or equal to thirty eight percent(38%) in the second year, while thirty one(31) respondents or equal to thirty five percent(35%) in third year. Fifteen(15) respondents or equal to twenty five percent(25%) are in the fourth year. Therefore, it shows that the number of second year students got the highest number of a working student in this current semester 2010-2011. Age| Number of Respondents| Percentage| 16-18| 21| 35%| 19-21| 25| 41%| 22-24| 13| 22%| 25-above| 1| 2%| Total| 60| 100%| Age
Out of sixty(60) respondents, twenty five(25) working students or equal to forty-one percent(41%) are at the age of 19-21 years old. Twenty one(21) respondents or equal to thirty five percent(35%) are at the age of 16-18 years old. Thirteen(13) respondents or equal to twenty two percent(22%) are in the age of 22-24 and one(1) respondent or equal to two percent(2%) is at the age of 25 years old. Therefore, the age of working student got the highest number is 19-21 years old. Question No. 1 What course are you taking up now? Course| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Marketing Management| 10| 17%| Financial Management| 7| 12%|
Business Economics| 0| 0| Business Management| 5| 8%| Management Accounting| 18| 30%| Accountancy| 20| 33%| Total| 60| 100| Out of sixty(60) respondents, twenty(20) working students or equal to thirty three percent(33%) are students taking up Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA). Eighteen(18) respondents of equal to thirty percent(30%) are students in Management Accounting. Ten(10) respondents or equal to seventeen percent(17%) are from Marketing Management. Seven respondents(7) or equal to twelve percent(12%) are taking up Financial Management and five(5) respondents or equal to eight percent(8%) are taking up Business Management.
Therefore, it shows that most of the working students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan are taking up Accountancy and Management Accounting. Question No. 2 Who is/are paying for your tuition fee? Choices| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Parents| 28| 47%| Relatives| 25| 41%| Siblings| 4| 7%| Scholarship| 3| 5%| Total| 60| 100%| Out of sixty(60) respondents, twenty eight(28) working students or equal to forty seven percent(47%) answered parents, while twenty five(25) respondents or equal to forty one percent(41%) answered relatives.
Four(4) respondents or equal to seven percent(7%) answered siblings and three(3) respondents or equal to five percent(5%) are answered from scholarship. Therefore, it shows that most of the working students are being supported by their parents. Question No. 3 At what age did you decide to be a working student? Age| Number of Respondents| Percentage| 16-18| 29| 48%| 19-21| 24| 40%| 22-24| 7| 12%| 25| 0| 0| Total| 60| 100%| Out of sixty(60) respondents, twenty nine(29) working students or equal to forty eight(48%)percent are at the age of 16-18 years old.
Twenty-four(24) respondents or equal to forty percent(40%) are at the age of 19-21 years old. Seven(7) respondents or equal to twelve percent(12%) are at the age of 21-24 years old. Therefore, it shows that most of the students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan started working at the age of 16-18 years old. Question No. 4 What kind of job are you taking up now? Work| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Service Crew| 27| 41%| Office Tutor| 7| 12%| Students’ Assistant| 9| 15%| Call Center Agent| 19| 32%| Total| 60| 100%|
Out of sixty(60) respondents, twenty five(25) working students or equal to forty one(41%)percent are working as a service crew while seven(7) respondents or equal to twelve percent(12%) are students are working as a office tutor. Nine(9) respondents or equal to fifteen percent(15%) are working as a students’ assistant and nineteen(19) respondents or equal to thirty two(32) percent are working as a call center agent. Therefore, it shows that service crew and call center agent are the most common job of working students. Question No. 5 What schedule do you have in school? Schedule| Number of Respondents| Percentage|
Day Shift| 25| 42%| Night Shift| 30| 50%| MWF only| 3| 5%| TTH only| 2| 3%| Total| 60| 100%| Out of sixty(60) respondents, thirty(30) working students or equal to fifty percent(50%) took night shift schedule, twenty-five(25) respondents or equal to forty-two(42%) percent took day shift schedule. Three(3) respondents or equal to five percent(5%) took MWF only and two(2) respondents or equal to three percent(3%) took TTH schedule only. Therefore, it shows that night shift is the most common schedule that a working student takes up. Question No. 6 What is your reason for being a working student?
Reason| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Self Interest| 22| 37%| Parents’ Choice| 7| 12%| Financial Problem| 24| 39%| Work Experience| 7| 12%| Total| 60| 100% | Out of sixty(60) respondents, twenty-two(22) working students or equal to thirty-seven percent(37%) answered self-interest. Seven(7) respondents or equal to twelve percent(12%) answered parents’ choice. Twenty-four(24) respondents or equal to thirty-nine percent(39%) answered financial problem. Seven(7) respondents or equal to twelve percent(12%) answered work experience. Therefore, it shows that financial problem is the main reason why a student decided to work.
Question No. 7 How many hours do you spend for work? Hours| Number of Respondents| Percentage| 1-2| 2| 4%| 3-4| 35| 58%| 5-7| 23| 38%| 8 or more than| 0| 0| Total| 60| 100%| Out of sixty(60) respondents, two(2) working students or equal to four percent(4%) answered 1-2 hours. Thirty-five(35) respondents or equal to fifty-eight percent(58%) answered 3-4 hours. Twenty-three(23) respondents or equal to thirty-eight percent(38%) answered 5-7 hours. Therefore, most of the working students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan work 3-4 hours a day. Question No. Does your work affect to your studies? Choices| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Yes| 18| 30%| No| 14| 23%| Slightly| 28| 47%| Total| 60| 100%| Out of sixty(60) respondents, eighteen(18) working students or equal to thirty percent(30%) answered yes. Fourteen(14) respondents or equal to twenty-three percent(23%) answered no. twenty-eight(28) respondents or equal to forty-seven percent(47%) answered slightly. Therefore, most of the working students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan experience that their work slightly affects their studies.
If yes, in what manner? Out of forty-five(45) respondents who answered yes, fifteen(15) working students said that they are having conflicts with the schedule of their work and studies. Five(5) students answered that it helps them to gain more knowledge. Twenty-one(21) students answered that they loss focus on their studies and four(4) students answered that they are encourage to focus more on their studies. Question No. 9 In being a working student, is it a big help for you? Choices| Number of Respondents| Percentage| Yes| 56| 94%| No| 0| 0| Slightly| 4| 6%| Total| 60| 100%|
Out of sixty(60) respondents, fifty-six(56) working students or equal to ninety-four percent(94%) answered yes. Four(4) or equal to six percent(6%) answered slightly. Therefore, the work of a student really helps. If yes, in what way does your work help you? Out of fifty-six(60) respondents who answered yes and slightly, twenty-two(22) answered self satisfaction. Twenty-nine(29) answered tuition fee and other school expenses. Fourteen(14) answered that they gain more knowledge and six(6) answered that they can help their parents in their financial needs. Chapter V Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation
Summary of Findings This study was done to know what are the problems of the working students. The descriptive method was used. The researchers used survey questionnaire to gather data and information. The respondents were the working students of the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan. The researchers found out that most of the working students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan are taking up Accountancy and Management Accounting ranging from 19 to 21 years old. The respondents were composed of 57% female and 43% male working students.
Their parents help them in their studies. The researchers also found out that the common job of the working students are service crew in the fast food chain and call center agents. Most of them started working in the age of 16 to 18 years old. Most of them spend 3 to 4 hours in their work. They usually get night shift schedule. The main reasons why they work is due to financial problem and luxuries. The work of the students affects their studies. There are times that students failed to give much time and attention to their studies. There are usually conflicts in the time of their work and studies.
On the other hand, it came out that their work really helps them in their studies, they were able to pay their tuition fees and support their daily allowance. Conclusion The researchers have made the following conclusions: 1. Most of the working students in the College of Business Administration in the University of the East – Caloocan are taking up Accountancy and Management Accounting ranging from 19 to 21 years old. 2. Their parents help them in their studies. 3. The researchers also found out that the common job of the working students are service crew in the fast food chain and call center agents. . Most of them started working in the age of 16 to 18 years old. Most of them spend 3 to 4 hours in their work. 5. They usually get night shift schedule. 6. The main reasons why they work is due to financial problem and luxuries. 7. The work of the students affects their studies. There are times that students failed to give much time and attention to their studies. 8. There are usually conflicts in the time of their work and studies. On the other hand, it came out that their work really helps them in their studies, they were able to pay their tuition fees and support their daily allowance.
Recommendation The researchers have made the following recommendations: 1. For the parents of the working students, we recommend them to continue supporting their child and not to lose hope because this will surely has a positive effect not only in their studies but also to their work in the future. 2. For the department of Business Administration, we recommend for them to have enough programs for the working students for them to help in their academic studies. 3. For the teachers, we recommend you to give considerations to the working students in their academic activities. . For the government, we recommend them to have more scholarship programs to lessen the working students. 5. For other researchers, we recommend you to conduct more studies regarding this topic to make a clearer and meaningful result that will help the students. 6. For the students who want to work, we recommend you to choose a work that is related to your chosen course to enhance your skills and knowledge. 7. For the working students, we recommend you to study well. They must not be complaisant to their studies even though they are working.
